Efficacy of Smartphone Applications for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Thursday, October 22, 2020
Posted by: Natalia Gromov
Bricker
JB, Watson NL, Mull KE, Sullivan BM, Heffner JL.
Efficacy of Smartphone
Applications for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
JAMA Intern Med. Published online September 21, 2020.
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.4055
Importance:
Smoking is a leading cause of premature death globally. Smartphone applications
for smoking cessation are ubiquitous and address barriers to accessing
traditional treatments, yet there is limited evidence for their efficacy. Objective: To
determine the efficacy of a smartphone application for smoking cessation based
on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) vs a National Cancer Institute
smoking cessation application based on US clinical practice guidelines (USCPG).
Design, Setting, and
Participants: A 2-group, stratified, double-blind, individually
randomized clinical trial was conducted from May 27, 2017, to September 28,
2018, among 2415 adult cigarette smokers (n = 1214 for the ACT-based smoking
cessation application group and n = 1201 for the USCPG-based smoking cessation
application group) with 3-, 6-, and 12-month postrandomization follow-up. The
study was prespecified in the trial protocol. Follow-up data collection started
on August 26, 2017, and ended at the last randomized participant’s 12-month
follow-up survey on December 23, 2019. Data were analyzed from February 25 to
April 3, 2020. The primary analysis was performed on a complete-case basis,
with intent-to-treat missing as smoking and multiple imputation sensitivity
analyses. Interventions: iCanQuit,
an ACT-based smoking cessation application, which taught acceptance of smoking
triggers, and the National Cancer Institute QuitGuide, a USCPG-based smoking
cessation application, which taught avoidance of smoking triggers. Main Outcomes and Measures: The
primary outcome was self-reported 30-day point prevalence abstinence (PPA) at
12 months after randomization. Secondary outcomes were 7-day PPA at 12 months
after randomization, prolonged abstinence, 30-day and 7-day PPA at 3 and 6
months after randomization, missing data imputed with multiple imputation or
coded as smoking, and cessation of all tobacco products (including
e-cigarettes) at 12 months after randomization. Results: Participants were 2415
adult cigarette smokers (1700 women [70.4%]; 1666 White individuals [69.0%] and
868 racial/ethnic minorities [35.9%]; mean [SD] age at enrollment, 38.2 [10.9]
years) from all 50 US states. The 3-month follow-up data retention rate was
86.7% (2093), the 6-month retention rate was 88.4% (2136), and the 12-month
retention rate was 87.2% (2107). For the primary outcome of 30-day PPA at the
12-month follow-up, iCanQuit participants had 1.49 times higher odds of
quitting smoking compared with QuitGuide participants (28.2% [293 of 1040] vs
21.1% [225 of 1067]; odds ratio [OR], 1.49; 95% CI, 1.22-1.83; P < .001). Effect sizes
were very similar and statistically significant for 7-day PPA at the 12-month
follow-up (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.12-1.63; P = .002),
prolonged abstinence at the 12-month follow-up (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.45-2.76; P < .001), abstinence
from all tobacco products (including e-cigarettes) at the 12-month follow-up
(OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.28-1.99; P < .001),
30-day PPA at 3-month follow-up (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.68-2.89; P < .001), 30-day PPA
at 6-month follow-up (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.63-2.54; P < .001), 7-day PPA at
3-month follow-up (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.64-2.54; P < .001), and 7-day
PPA at 6-month follow-up (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.42-2.10; P < .001).
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