Association of Frequency of Perceived Exposure to Discrimination with Tobacco Withdrawal Symptoms an
Thursday, April 15, 2021
Posted by: Natalia Gromov
Bello
MS, Liautaud MM, De La Cerda JT, Pang RD, Ray LA, Ahluwalia JA, Leventhal AM.
Association of Frequency
of Perceived Exposure to Discrimination with Tobacco Withdrawal Symptoms and
Smoking Lapse Behavior in African Americans.
Addiction. 2021 Apr;116(4):914-925. doi: 10.1111/add.15238. Epub 2020 Oct 1.
PMID: 32860477; PMCID: PMC7914272.
Background and aims.
Frequent experiences of discrimination could increase vulnerability to tobacco
withdrawal and smoking lapse in populations subject to tobacco-related health
disparities. This laboratory study (2013-17) examined whether individual differences
in perceived exposure to discrimination in one's daily life predicted tobacco
withdrawal symptoms and smoking lapse behavior following acute tobacco
deprivation in African American smokers.
Design.
Mixed design with the between-subjects continuous variable of perceived
discrimination crossed with the within-subject variable of tobacco deprivation
status (deprived versus non-deprived).
Setting.
Academic medical center in Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Participants.
African American non-treatment seeking daily cigarette smokers (n = 607, ≥ 10
cig/day).
Measurements.
At a baseline visit, self-reported frequency of perceived exposure to
discrimination in one's daily life was measured [everyday discrimination scale
(EDDS)]. At two subsequent counterbalanced experimental visits (16-hour tobacco
deprivation versus ad-libitum smoking), self-report assessments of various
tobacco withdrawal symptom domains [Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urges),
Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale (WSWS), Profile of Mood States (POMS),
Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) and Current Impulsivity Scale (CIS)) and
a behavioral smoking lapse analogue task were measured.
Findings.
Adjusted models demonstrated that greater frequency of perceived exposure to
discrimination was associated with larger deprivation-induced increases in
acute urges to smoke to alleviate negative mood, several negative mood states
and subjective cognitive functioning-effect sizes were small in magnitude (βs =
0.09-0.13; Ps < 0.02). Data were inconclusive for associations between
perceived exposure to discrimination and deprivation-induced changes in
cravings, urges to smoke for pleasure, positive mood reduction, other symptoms
or smoking reinstatement behavior.
Conclusions.
Frequency of perceived exposure to discrimination appears to be modestly
associated with increased severity of some deprivation-induced tobacco
withdrawal symptoms in African American smokers.
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