The Roswell eND Scale: Brief, Valid Assessment of Nicotine Dependence Adults Seeking to Discontinue
Thursday, January 19, 2023
Posted by: Natalia Gromov
Sheffer CE, Shevorykin A,
Foulds J, Carl E, Mahoney MC, Bensch L, Liskiewicz A, Vantucci D, McDonough B,
Szeliga A, Goniewicz ML, Hyland A.
The Roswell eND Scale:
Brief, Valid Assessment of Nicotine Dependence Adults Seeking to Discontinue
E-cigarette Use.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2022 Dec 21;243:109708. doi:
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109708. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36608485.
[NAQC note: The Roswell eND Scale, developed by a team led by Dr. Christine
Sheffer, was offered as a method to assess the level of nicotine use or
dependence in NAQC’s October 2022 report Recommended
Best and Promising Practices on Adult Vaping Cessation Services for Quitlines.
Background. Most
adults who regularly use e-cigarettes or Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
(ENDS) desire to discontinue use. ENDS use can result symptoms of nicotine
withdrawal and dependence which can make it more difficult to discontinue use.
Brief, valid assessment of nicotine dependence among adults who use ENDS is
needed to guide treatment for nicotine dependence in this group. We sought to
develop a brief, valid instrument to measure nicotine dependence among adults
seeking to discontinue ENDS in a busy Quitline.
Methods. In
this cross-sectional design, we examined content, construct, and concurrent
validity of the Roswell ENDS Nicotine Dependence Scale (Roswell eND Scale) and
the Penn State E-Cigarette Dependence Index (Penn State eCDI). Participants who
called the New York Quitline from November 2019 to June 2020 seeking to
discontinue ENDS use were invited to participate. Construct validity was
examined with exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Instrument and
factor scores were then correlated with cotinine, a biomarker of nicotine
exposure.
Results. All
participants (n = 209) were highly dependent and co-used combustible cigarettes
to varying degrees. Both instruments demonstrated content validity and
construct validity, however only the 5-item Roswell eND Scale demonstrated
criterion-related validity by showing a significant positive correlation with
salivary cotinine levels.
Conclusions. The
5-item Roswell eND Scale can briefly and effectively assess nicotine dependence
among treatment-seeking adults who co-use ENDS and cigarettes. These
preliminary psychometric findings have the potential to be generalizable to other
adults seeking to discontinue ENDS use, many of whom currently or formerly
smoked cigarettes.
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